Hippocrates Refound

A major moment in the history of Renaissance science was the revival of interest in Hippocrates as the predecessor of Galen.

This was not just a new take on history: it broke down the idea that there was only one set of scientific answers and led the way to more scientific questioning and comparison of competing models to explain disease.

That both figures were important had been clear to medieval scientists (as we saw a few days ago in my post about an 11th-century short history of medicine), but for a proper consideration of Hippocrates, western scientists needed a translation of the Hippocratic Collection. This is a corpus of 70-odd Greek texts, none of which can be absolutely credited to a person named Hippocrates, but are associated with his school of the early 4th century BCE.

This translation was taken on by Marco Fabio Calvo of Ravenna, who acquired a 14th-century manuscript in Greek and translated this. The key documents are now in the Vatican Apostolic Library:

• Calvo's personal Hippocratic source manuscript: Vat.gr.277
• Calvo's Greek fair copy of it, made 1512: Vat. gr. 278
• Calvo's Latin translation, Hippocratis octoginta volumina, completed 1515: Vat. lat. 4416
• One of the oldest and most important Hippocratic manuscripts, a 12th-century codex: Vat.gr.276

All four are now accessible in black and white images. The holograph of Calvo's translation is noted below. See the History of Information by Jeremy Norman for a longer summary. Here is Calvo's fair  text, intended as a print-ready copy:

Here is the fourth of my updates on the recent flood of microfilmed (LQ = low quality) digitizations offered by the Vatican Library portal. Also of historic importance: the 9th-century Codex Ursinianus (no. 220 below): Plautus, Comedies, a codex which set off a revival of drama in Europe.

1. Vat.lat.2787 , LQ
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34. Vat.lat.2934.pt.2 , LQ
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66. Vat.lat.3087 , LQ
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71. Vat.lat.3112 , LQ
72. Vat.lat.3118 , LQ
73. Vat.lat.3122 , LQ
74. Vat.lat.3123 , LQ
75. Vat.lat.3124 , LQ
76. Vat.lat.3129 , LQ, Tractatus mathematicus ad discipulos perusinos, a nearly 600-page textbook dedicated to students at the University of Perugia where Luca Pacioli taught from 1477 to 1480. Pacioli is described as the "father of accounting," and established double-entry bookkeeping
77. Vat.lat.3130 , LQ
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80. Vat.lat.3140 , LQ
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96. Vat.lat.3215 , LQ
97. Vat.lat.3217 , LQ
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100. Vat.lat.3222 , LQ
101. Vat.lat.3223 , LQ
102. Vat.lat.3224 , LQ
103. Vat.lat.3227 , LQ, Cicero: Philippics, Somnium Scipionis in a 12th-century ms. See Lowe p. 72 on Beneventan scripts.
104. Vat.lat.3228 , LQ
105. Vat.lat.3229 , LQ
106. Vat.lat.3233 , LQ
107. Vat.lat.3238 , LQ
108. Vat.lat.3246 , LQ
109. Vat.lat.3252 , LQ
110. Vat.lat.3253 , LQ, Virgil, Georgics and Aeneid in an 11th-century manuscript
111. Vat.lat.3261 , LQ
112. Vat.lat.3262 , LQ, Ovid, Fasti. 11th-century manuscript, see Lowe p. 72.
113. Vat.lat.3263 , LQ
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116. Vat.lat.3270 , LQ
117. Vat.lat.3274 , LQ
118. Vat.lat.3277 , LQ
119. Vat.lat.3278 , LQ
120. Vat.lat.3279 , LQ, Thebaid, Statius, one of the five glorious manuscripts made for the short-lived millionaire student Fabio Mazzatosta
121. Vat.lat.3291 , LQ
122. Vat.lat.3293 , LQ
123. Vat.lat.3294 , LQ
124. Vat.lat.3298 , LQ
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128. Vat.lat.3322 , LQ
129. Vat.lat.3323 , LQ
130. Vat.lat.3324 , LQ
131. Vat.lat.3327 , LQ, Sallust, Bellum Catilinae, Bellum lugurthinum; 13th or 14th century, see Lowe p. 152.
132. Vat.lat.3333 , LQ
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149. Vat.lat.3388 , LQ
150. Vat.lat.3391 , LQ
151. Vat.lat.3393.pt.A , LQ
152. Vat.lat.3402 , LQ
153. Vat.lat.3403 , LQ
154. Vat.lat.3411 , LQ
155. Vat.lat.3415 , LQ Lectures on Varro by Pomponio Leto, compiled and illustrated by a humanist student 1484, see Rome Reborn 
156. Vat.lat.3417 , LQ
157. Vat.lat.3419 , LQ
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170. Vat.lat.3567 , LQ
171. Vat.lat.3568 , LQ
172. Vat.lat.3570 , LQ
173. Vat.lat.3575 , LQ, Orationes et epistolae ad Christianos principes contra Turcos, see Rome Reborn 
174. Vat.lat.3586 , LQ
175. Vat.lat.3603 , LQ
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177. Vat.lat.3611 , LQ
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184. Vat.lat.3639 , LQ
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187. Vat.lat.3696 , LQ
188. Vat.lat.3698 , LQ
189. Vat.lat.3706 , LQ
190. Vat.lat.3716 , LQ
191. Vat.lat.3742 , LQ
192. Vat.lat.3745 , LQ, Historia de coniuratione Catilinae by Costanzo Felici, see Rome Reborn
193. Vat.lat.3750 , LQ
194. Vat.lat.3761 , LQ
195. Vat.lat.3762 , LQ
196. Vat.lat.3764 , LQ, Vitae Summorum Pontificum, 11th or 12th century in ordinary minuscule. On fol. 4-4v are additions in Beneventan, says Lowe.
197. Vat.lat.3787 , LQ
198. Vat.lat.3788 , LQ
199. Vat.lat.3791 , LQ
200. Vat.lat.3803 , LQ
201. Vat.lat.3808 , LQ
202. Vat.lat.3810 , LQ, a 1470 Geography of Ptolemy. See Rome Reborn
203. Vat.lat.3811 , LQ, a geography of 1470 with map based on Ptolemy's data by Nicholas Germanus, inventor of trapezoidal projection. See Rome Reborn  
204. Vat.lat.3816 , LQ
205. Vat.lat.3819 , LQ
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207. Vat.lat.3822 , LQ
208. Vat.lat.3824 , LQ
209. Vat.lat.3825 , LQ
210. Vat.lat.3832 , LQ, a Paenitentiale with an arbor juris
211. Vat.lat.3839 , LQ
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214. Vat.lat.3847 , LQ
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217. Vat.lat.3859 , LQ
218. Vat.lat.3860 , LQ
219. Vat.lat.3862 , LQ
220. Vat.lat.3870 , LQ, The Codex Ursinianus: Plautus, Comedies; a 9th-century manuscript in Caroline minuscule with illuminated borders added to fols 1v-2r in the 15th century. See Rome Reborn where Anthony Grafton comments: The revival of secular drama in Renaissance Europe largely stems from the discovery of this work. Nicholas of Cusa brought this manuscript to Rome, where it passed through the library of Cardinal Giordano Orsini into that of the Chapter of Saint Peter's, who gave it to Pope Leo X. In scholarship, this is referred to as manuscript D. See Gillespie 1898.
     
     
221. Vat.lat.3872 , LQ
222. Vat.lat.3875 , LQ, Silvae and Achilleis, one of the five glorious manuscripts made for the short-lived millionaire student Fabio Mazzatosta
223. Vat.lat.3883 , LQ
224. Vat.lat.3884 , LQ
225. Vat.lat.3895 , LQ
226. Vat.lat.3896 , LQ, (see above)
227. Vat.lat.3898 , LQ
228. Vat.lat.3899 , LQ, Articuli contra Fratrem Aychardum Alamannum, documents from the inquisition prosecution of Meister Eckhard at Avignon 
229. Vat.lat.3901 , LQ
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238. Vat.lat.3937 , LQ
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240. Vat.lat.3947 , LQ
241. Vat.lat.3948 , LQ
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243. Vat.lat.3950 , LQ
244. Vat.lat.3952 , LQ
245. Vat.lat.3953 , LQ,
246. Vat.lat.3954 , LQ,  a 1475 inventory of the Papal Library, see Rome Reborn
247. Vat.lat.3955 , LQ, a 1518 inventory. Books were grouped by subject on banchi, or benches, to which they were chained. See a href="http://libguides.slu.edu/c.php?g=185813&p=1228293">Rome Reborn
248. Vat.lat.3958 , LQ
249. Vat.lat.3962 , LQ
250. Vat.lat.3965 , LQ
251. Vat.lat.3967 , LQ, index of the library under Paul III that remained in use under 1620: see Rome Reborn
252. Vat.lat.3968 , LQ
253. Vat.lat.3969 , LQ
254. Vat.lat.3971 , LQ
255. Vat.lat.3972 , LQ
256. Vat.lat.3973 , LQ, Romualdus Salernitanus, Chronicon, from in or after 1178. See Lowe p. 74.
257. Vat.lat.3976 , LQ
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262. Vat.lat.3994 , LQ
263. Vat.lat.3995 , LQ
264. Vat.lat.3999 , LQ
265. Vat.lat.4001 , LQ
266. Vat.lat.4002 , LQ
267. Vat.lat.4006 , LQ, Sermons by the French bishop-inquisitor Jacques Fournier who later became pope: De statu animarum ante generale judicium; De visione Dei See Wikipedia
268. Vat.lat.4009 , LQ
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278. Vat.lat.4037.pt.1 , LQ
279. Vat.lat.4037.pt.2 , LQ
280. Vat.lat.4063 , LQ
281. Vat.lat.4065 , LQ
282. Vat.lat.4066 , LQ
283. Vat.lat.4069 , LQ
284. Vat.lat.4071 , LQ
285. Vat.lat.4072 , LQ
286. Vat.lat.4074 , LQ
287. Vat.lat.4079 , LQ
288. Vat.lat.4082 , LQ
289. Vat.lat.4085 , LQ, Hippocrates, De prognosticationibus, translator ps-William of Moerbeke (HT to @LatinAristotle for pointing this out).
290. Vat.lat.4090 , LQ
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292. Vat.lat.4097 , LQ
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297. Vat.lat.4109 , LQ
298. Vat.lat.4115 , LQ
299. Vat.lat.4116 , LQ
300. Vat.lat.4124 , LQ

This is Piggin's Unofficial List number 99. If you have corrections or additions, please use the comments box below. Follow me on Twitter (@JBPiggin) for news of more additions to DigiVatLib.